Fruit May Reduce Risk of Age-Related Maculopathy

Medical abstract

Intake of three or more fruit servings per day is associated with a reduced risk of age-related maculopathy (ARM), according to the results of a prospective follow-up study published in the June issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology.

The study cohort consisted of 77,562 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study and 40,866 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. At enrollment, subjects were at least 50 years of age and had no diagnosis of ARM. Follow-up was up to 18 years for women and up to 12 years for men.

Validated, semiquantitative food consumption questionnaires were completed by women in 1980, 1984, 1986, 1990, and/or 1994, and by men in 1986, 1990, and/or 1994. Subjects also reported vitamin and supplement use biannually.

During follow-up, 464 subjects (329 women and 135 men) developed new cases of early-stage ARM, and 316 subjects (217 women and 99 men) were diagnosed with neovascular ARM, all with visual loss of 20/30 or worse due primarily to ARM.

Fruit consumption was inversely associated with the risk of neovascular ARM. Compared with subjects who reported eating less than 1.5 servings of fruit per day, subjects who consumed three or more daily servings had a 36% lower risk of neovascular ARM (pooled multivariate relative risk = 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 - 0.93; P for trend = .004). These findings were similar in both sexes.

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